یادگیری زبان انگلیسی با استفاده از جملات کاربردی یکی از بهترین روشهای تقویت مهارتهای زبانی است. در این صفحه، 527 جمله انگلیسی با کلمه DNA را گردآوری کردهایم تا به شما کمک کند کاربرد این کلمه را در بافتهای مختلف بیاموزید.
در صورتی که قصد یادگیری لغات DNA را دارید، پیشنهاد میکنیم که در قالب جمله انگلیسی با کلمه DNA و همچنین مطالعه مثال برای DNA، اقدام به جمله سازی با DNA نمائید تا بتوانید به هدف استفاده از DNA در جمله نائل شوید.
هر جمله با تلفظ صحیح همراه است و میتوانید با کلیک روی دکمه 🔊 به آن گوش دهید. این جملات از منابع معتبر Oxford و Cambridge انتخاب شدهاند تا یادگیری شما همراه با باکیفیتترین محتوا باشد.
جمله با DNA
A DNA test proved his innocence.
A DNA test proved her innocence.
DNA tests showed he was innocent.
A DNA test showed he was innocent.
A DNA test proved he was innocent.
A DNA test proved she was innocent.
A DNA test showed she was innocent.
The DNA here doesn't exonerate Tom.
DNA is extracted from a blood sample.
What's wrong here? "The author's DNA".
The DNA test cleared him of all charges.
I don't understand why DNA is fascinating.
Bacterias have the DNA as genetic material.
Genes consist of a specific sequence of DNA.
The element phosphorus is present in our DNA.
The entire colony will inherit the mutant DNA.
DNA is a complex chemical that makes up a gene.
It shouldn't be permitted to store samples of DNA.
Many people uphold the stance that 95% of DNA is junk.
They did a DNA comparison to see if the body was Tom's.
مثال برای DNA
There are many sentences about DNA, but none about RNA.
The police were able to link Tom's DNA to the crime scene.
Francis Crick was one of the discoverers of DNA's structure.
The results were not definitive, but I'm sure the DNA's a match.
Modern DNA analysis has exonerated many people on death row in the US.
They hope to get a hybrid embryo by merging the DNA of a different species
They hope to get a hybrid embryo by merging the DNA of a different species.
Everything you knew about DNA is not going to help you through this course.
Astrobiologists wonder whether life outside the Earth is based on DNA as on the Earth.
DNA tells you all the secrets of life,’ he used to say. Except for one—how to live it.
جمله انگلیسی با کلمه DNA
The reason we know that it is is because of the DNA schedule that we now have clear scientific evidence on
Wanna know the truth about yourself and this universe? Just learn to understand your DNA code then you'll see.
Show Love to the Snake and it will Bite you at the End, Because, hatred and enmity toward Humanity is in its DNA
We are the lucky ones for we shall die, as there is an infinite number of possible forms of DNA all but a few billions of which will never burst into consciousness.
And that's why right now, as we face tough times, we need to have somebody who understands, if you will, has the private sector, has the business world, has the economy in their DNA
If you are financially affluent, think of adopting a kid and raise him or her right next to your biological offspring. And let your love become the proof of your parenthood, instead of your DNA.
DNA has memory!
Moral character is the DNA of success and happiness.
Scientists need to invent a way to make DNA work like in cartoons.
Meditation works in many layers. It works in our genes, in our DNA
جمله انگلیسی با DNA
DNA neither cares nor knows. DNA just is. And we dance to its music.
In the battle of DNAs, your DNA will always win against the DNA of your father.
DNA is like a computer program but far, far more advanced than any software ever created.
The greatest single achievement of nature to date was surely the invention of the molecule DNA.
Peterson was arrested near Torrey Pines Golf Course in La Jolla on April 18, the day DNA testing identified the bodies.
The first thing that has to be recognized is that one cannot train someone to be passionate--it's either in their DNA or it's not.
What are the chances that we will one day discover that DNA has absolutely nothing to do with inheritance? They are effectively zero.
There’s as many atoms in a single molecule of your DNA as there are stars in the typical galaxy. We are, each of us, a little universe.
Youth and beauty are not accomplishments. They're the temporary happy byproducts of time and/or DNA. Don't hold your breath for either.
Belief is the creed of the fearless.. Follow through your dreams religiously ,keep it running like the DNA embedded in your system... Believe
جمله انگلیسی در مورد DNA
DNA is the messenger which illuminates that connection,handed down from generation to generation,carried,literally,in the bodies of my ancestors.
The encapsulated bird your conspirators sent you to fetch. The sterilized male chicken with the Creator DNA sequences. The plot capon. Where is it?
I don't care about whose DNA has recombined with whose. When everything goes to hell, the people who stand by you without flinching--they are your family.
The capacity to blunder slightly is the real marvel of DNA. Without this special attribute, we would still be anaerobic bacteria and there would be no music.
If you make change part of your operation routine and your DNA, and then change becomes easier to deal with, and even become an ongoing core business capability.
Gene, protein, function, and fate were strung in a chain: one chemical alteration in one base pair in DNA was sufficient to "encode" a radical change in human fate.
We all have the DNA of an entrepreneur.Some are building their own dreams.While most are building other people's dreams. Entrepreneurs are Dream Builders. Are you building yours?
Autosomal DNA is what
How is DNA grouping superior
What is a worry of using DNA
جمله انگلیسی درباره DNA
Where do plants store their DNA
What agency pioneered DNA testing?
This is needed for DNA replication.
The DNA base composition is 4048 GC.
DNA viruses use DNA for their genome.
What looks at the entire DNA mixture?
Everyone’s DNA is distinct and unique.
The length of DNA transferred during B
RNA also contains different bases to DNA.
How many DNA base pairs have ever existed
جمله با کلمه DNA
Adenine is a chemical part of DNA and RNA.
A plastome is the DNA genome of a plastid.
Transcription is when RNA is made from DNA.
It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses)
Where is DNA chromosome of bacteria located
The DNA will incriminate our prime suspect.
Histones act as spools around which DNA winds.
What causes the directionality of DNA strands?
In DNA and RNA cytosine is paired with guanine.
DNA of Poles and Russians differ from what group
جمله برای DNA
What is the backbone of a DNA double helix made of
First a DNA construct is made usually in bacteria.
What are two types of repetitive DNA found in genomes
How does the expression of genes encoded in DNA begin
DNA evidence is unassailable and cannot be disproven.
What are two ways changes to DNA of bacteria can occur?
What happens when the DNA/RNA replications are retained?
What is the percentage of non-repetitive DNA in E. coli?
The killer’s DNA can be extracted from a blood specimen.
Who pioneered using the DNA structure as a diagnostic tool
جمله سازی با DNA
How much of the genome is non-repetitive DNA in eukaryotes?
All the parents and children has his or her own special DNA.
First, the gene's DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA)
What does E. coli tend to have more of than non-repetitive DNA
What percentage of DNA base pairs are estimated to be extinct?
The DNA copy is then inserted into the genome in a new position.
RNA also contains ribose as opposed to deoxyribose found in DNA.
Results of the trial crucially depended on the DNA test results.
The most famous things that DNA polymerases do is DNA replication.
Besides the sugar and the four bases, what else does DNA consist of
جمله سازی با کلمه DNA
DNA samples would be required when pet licenses come up for renewal.
Individual cells are genetically transformed with the DNA construct.
With these studies Kornberg has created a picture of how DNA works.
This includes both the genes and the noncoding sequences of the DNA.
Without histones the unwound DNA in chromosomes would be very long.
Why does the mRNA match the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand
How is halving genetic material in linear chains of DNA accomplished?
As in DNA replication only one of the two DNA strands is transcribed.
Your DNA is an immutable part of you that cannot be altered by anyone.
What technology did James D. Watson develop to sequence individual DNA?
چند جمله با DNA
DNA evidence was used to prosecute the killer and lock him up for good.
DNA replication is the process of copying a doublestranded DNA molecule.
Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'?3' direction?
What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule
RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically single-stranded
What proteins during replication and transcription of DNA forget base DNA
Molecular evolution is the process of evolution in DNA RNA and proteins.
By comparing repetitive DNA, what can scientists understand the history of
What is more important for law enforcement in categorizing instead of DNA?
Your DNA at the scene is infallible evidence that you committed the crime.
کاربرد DNA
The police will use DNA testing to differentiate between the two suspects.
Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA
What sort of DNA repair is created by modern genetic engineering techniques
What is an example of an organism which does not contain any repetitive DNA?
Defining exactly what section of a DNA sequence comprises a gene is difficult
They called this uptake and incorporation of DNA by bacteria transformation .
Scientists compared the DNA of the baboon with distorted isotopic data to what
Extraction of DNA cells from saliva helped the police catch the serial killer.
What developed to protect replicating DNA from ultraviolet radiation and night?
The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.
متن انگلیسی در مورد DNA
The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics
Immediately after DNA replication a human cell will have 46 double chromosomes .
In each double chromosome there are two copies of that chromosome s DNA molecule.
Population testing is still being done. What can DNA testing distinguish between?
Found in the inside of the cell, chromatin is made up mostly of DNA and proteins.
Histones act as spools around which DNA winds and play a role in gene regulation.
Introduction of foreign DNA into eukaryote cells is usually called transfection .
More investigation of a second source of Neanderthal DNA supported these findings.
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome.
Gail was unsure of her paternity, but DNA helped her determine who her father was.
مثال با DNA
In a cell DNA replication begins at specific places in the genome called origins.
Chromatin is the complex combination of DNA and proteins that makes up chromosomes.
Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
In mammals and plants, the major part of the genome is composed of repetitive DNA.
One main function of cell chromatin is to strengthen DNA so that mitosis can occur.
Although no DNA tests have been performed, Ben is reputed to be the child’s father.
Histones undergo changes which alter their interaction with DNA and nuclear proteins.
1 The mRNA acts as an intermediate between the DNA gene and its final protein product
The DNA content of a cell is duplicated at the start of the cell reproduction process.
Phages will insert their DNA into the bacterium, allowing their DNA to be transcribed
جمله سازی با کلمه DNA
DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1.
Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all.
Regions of DNA that serve no obvious function are often found in what type of organism
Achondroplasia is caused by a change in the DNA for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3.
In April 2007 examiners using newer DNA technology identified another Flight 11 victim.
A pardon was granted for the convicted murderer once DNA evidence proved he was innocent.
A virus has either DNA or RNA genes and is called a DNA virus or a RNA virus respectively.
Until the early 1990s histones were dismissed as merely packing material for nuclear DNA.
Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s.
DNA viruses The genome replication of most DNA viruses takes place in the cell s nucleus.
تاپیک سنتز برای DNA
The stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule is called a transcription unit.
As the DNA unwinds at the origin the synthesis of new strands forms at a replication fork.
Do you feel the DNA evidence pointing to another suspect is enough to exonerate my brother?
How dare you gainsay the professor’s opinion when you know so little about DNA replication!
DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur
Everyone knows DNA testing is an extremely accurate means of confirming a person’s identity.
Without a doubt, the DNA test will provide empirical confirmation of the suspect’s identity.
During cell division DNA is replicated and can be transmit to offspring during reproduction.
Mobile genetic elements LRB MGE RRB are a type of DNA that can move around within the genome.
This experiment provided additional evidence that DNA not protein was the genetic material.
جملات DNA
According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?
On what date did Francis Crick announce to an audience of pub-goers that he had discovered DNA
These include DNA regions that are not transcribed as well as untranslated regions of the RNA
Relation between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings’s ancestors was proven through DNA tests.
He moved to Harvard to join the laboratory of James D Watson codiscoverer of the shape of DNA.
The IIIS strain DNA contains the genes that form the shielding polysaccharide part from attack.
A chromosome consists of a single, very long DNA helix on which thousands of genes are encoded
The human body is formed by a complex tapestry of DNA, which is highly complicated and precise.
With work on DNA it became clear that all proteins were being produced from their genetic code.
Sequences of coding DNA which are joined together in the final RNA after RNA splicing are exons.
جمله DNA
Even though there has not been a DNA test, everyone accepts Jason as the girl’s putative father.
Scientists take the DNA from one source and copy it to create an exact replica known as a clone.
This may happen for example when there is extensive DNA damage through the SOS response system.
Transduction is the process by which DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.
Often mitochondrial DNA or Y chromosome sequences are used to study ancient human migration paths
This phenomenon also indicates the mighty influence coming from repetitive DNA act on the genomes
The DNA results will reveal the consanguinity of the baby and the man Jill believes is his father.
There are 3 major classes of such biopolymers DNA and RNA LRB both nucleic acids RRB and protein.
The DNA sequence is copied by a special enzyme called RNA polymerase to make a matching RNA strand.
What is the first requirement in order for bacteria to bind and recombine with other bacteria's DNA
کاربرد کلمه DNA در انگلیسی
The teacher knew she could resume her lesson next week about DNA instead of keeping the class late.
Adam knew his claim of innocence was no longer tenable when the DNA results linked him to the crime.
This includes the synthesis of macromolecules including DNA and RNA LRB see below RRB and proteins.
Anderson s DNA matched with a greatnephew of Franziska Schanzkowska a missing Polish factory worker.
The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D
Suspects in a crime are required to submit their DNA by having their saliva tested with cotton swabs.
Irrefragable DNA evidence at the crime scene could not be disproved by the defense team during trial.
While some transposons may confer benefits on their hosts most are regarded as selfish DNA parasites.
Note The DNA from a single human cell has a length of 18 m LRB but at a width of 24 nanometers RRB.
Today we know that the transforming principle Griffith saw was the DNA of the IIIS strain bacteria.
استفاده از DNA در جمله
In addition to DNA polymerase other enzymes at the fork help to start and continue the DNA synthesis.
Wilkins and a graduate student Raymond Gosling got the first Xray diffraction photos of DNA in 1950.
Because DNA was the topic of the day in biology class, I had to construct a model of the double-helix.
He introduced Francis Crick to the importance of DNA and hired Rosemary Franklin on a threeyear grant.
The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Some scientists suggest that because we share similar DNA, the human’s closest progenitor is chimpanzee.
DNA found at the crime scene exonerated the suspect since his genetic material did not match the sample.
Packaging the DNA into the cell, the chromatin contains both genetic material and direct cell functions.
After the DNA replication process the amount of DNA in the cell is 2Z LRB multiplication 2 x Z 2Z RRB.
Science of DNA shows that the ancestor forms of A sterilis grew in the Fertile Crescent of the Near East.
Permission for DNA testing, which could put the matter to rest, has been denied by the Polish government
A plasmid is a DNA molecule that is separate from and can replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA.
This release introduced the Fedora DNA artwork replacing the Fedora Bubbles artwork used in Fedora Core 5.
Modern Molecular phylogenetics largely ignores morphological characters, relying on DNA sequences as data.
What is the first step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies
Due to the systematic and orderly investigation, DNA evidence was able to be preserved at the crime scene.
What is the second step to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies?
Ironically, the human genome has more in common with the DNA of bananas than it does with any type of monkey.
Scientists are trying to replicate the DNA of certain animals and make an exact copy of the genetic material.
In mammalian cells about two metres of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 Â m diameter.
Short & Simple Example Sentence For DNA | DNA Sentence
Some people who supported Anderson agreed that the DNA tests showed she could not have been the Grand Duchess.
Transduction also refers to the process whereby foreign DNA is introduced into another cell via a viral vector.
His first graduate student was James D Watson who went on to discover the structure of DNA with Francis Crick.
The similarity between chimpanzees and humans has led to many scientific studies which tried to find DNA links.
Because A G C and T appear in the DNA these molecules are called DNAbases A G C and U are called RNAbases.
Ancestry DNA tests are helping more and more people connect with their cultural heritage and family connections.
Because of advances in DNA testing, the police can now conduct a belated investigation into the unsolved murder.
In DNA adenine sticks to thymine with two hydrogen bonds to help in making the nucleic acid structures stronger.
The term intron refers to both the DNA sequence within a gene and the corresponding sequence in RNA transcripts.
The transcription factor wraps around the DNA helix and uses its fingers to accurately bind to the DNA sequence.
Scientists study the nucleolus of each cell in order to determine the genetic make-up involving the person’s DNA.
On 30 April 2008 Russian scientists used DNA testing to prove that they were the Tsarevich Alexei and his sister.
An analysis of the DNA did not reveal any specific combinations of unique mtDNA haplotypes and their subclusters.
DNA polymerase is an enzyme in the body helps connect deoxyribonucleotides LRB nucleotides RRB into a piece of DNA.
Because researchers had never seen such a unique type of DNA, they believed the creature had to be alien in origin.
The scientist explained that because of homogeneity in their DNA makeup, all of the plants looked almost identical.
Selectable markers show the success of a transfection or other procedure meant to introduce foreign DNA into a cell.
A DNA construct is often used in molecular biology to analyze macromolecules such as proteins or RNA in more detail.
Watson and Crick published their proposed DNA double helix structure in a paper in the journal Nature in April 1953.
Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA
How do you write a good sentence with DNA?
Pauling's work culminated in the physical modelling of DNA, the secret of life (in the words of Francis Crick, 1953)
Because it is impossible to rebut DNA evidence, there is no way the suspect can deny his presence at the crime scene.
Xray crystallography became a widely used tool and helped to find structures of many biological molecules such as DNA.
Histones are proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei which package the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
Eukaryotic DNA is put in bundles called chromosomes which are separated by a microtubular spindle during cell division.
Plant viruses tend to have singlestranded RNA genomes and bacteriophages tend to have doublestranded DNA genomes 96 99.
In 1974 Rudolf Jaenisch produced the first genetically changed mammal He put DNA from a virus into the genome of mice.
In vertebrate animal cells nearly all the 100000 DNA transposons in a genome code for inactive transposase polypeptides.
While the bacteria had been killed the DNA had survived the heating process and was taken up by the IIR strain bacteria.
The felon was released from the slammer after DNA evidence proved he didn’t commit the robbery that landed him in prison.
Prior to DNA replication the DNA content of a cell can be represented as the amount Z LRB the cell has Z chromosomes RRB.
The genome of an organism is the whole of its hereditary information encoded in its DNA LRB or for some viruses RNA RRB.
This report included useful information from Franklin about features of DNA she had deduced from her Xray diffraction data.
Each species on Earth has a different genome, with different DNA and genetic material to set them apart from other species.
Nucleobases are important for genetics They are parts of RNA and DNA that may be involved in pairing LRB see base pair RRB.
Consequently the DNA repair process must be constantly active so it can respond rapidly to any damage in the DNA structure.
However DNA testing in 1994 on pieces of Anderson s tissue and hair showed that she was not related to the Imperial family.
Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. What is one type of an RNA retrovirus
Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations.
In order to study your DNA, each monomer had to come together to form a nucleotide in the double helix structure of your DNA.
English Sentences with Audio Using the Word DNA.
With the DNA of the suspect on the murder weapon, the police were absolutely sure that he was guilty of committing the crime.
They isolated DNA from a virulent strain of S pneumoniae and using just this DNA were able to make a harmless strain virulent.
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity.
They copy themselves in two stages first from DNA to RNA by transcription then from RNA back to DNA by reverse transcription.
Molecular systematics is the process of using data on the DNA RNA or proteins to resolve questions in phylogeny and taxonomy.
In DNA thymine LRB T RRB connects to adenine LRB A RRB by two hydrogen bonds to help with making the nucleic acid stay strong.
In 1924 Oparin talked about primitive vesicles that replicated themselves This was before the structure of the DNA was found.
The suspect was released when the lab results proved his DNA sample was not congruent to the specimen found at the crime scene.
A human body consist of DNA, but is also contains RNA and a lot of other proteins that form the basis of our physical structure.
The man was arrested for murder when lab results proved his genetic material was homologous to the DNA found at the crime scene.
What we see is an RNAstrand being constructed and hence the exact positions of the DNA polymerase and RNA during this process .
After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70)
Linguistic and DNA studies done here have provided evidence for the settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. What has a strong influence on DNA base pairs?
The mRNA matches the sequence of the gene's DNA coding strand because it is synthesised as the complement of the template strand
Because the suspect’s DNA inextricably places him at the crime scene, he will be brought into the police station for questioning.
Despite being different breeds of dog, a German Shepard and a Golden Retriever still share some similar DNA in their base genome.
These conclusions have demonstrated good statistical support using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as DNADNA hybridization.
Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. What is known as the 3' end
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s.
How to Use DNA with Example Sentences.
Molecular evolution studies which use DNA sequence analysis as data has driven many recent revisions and will continue to do so.
DNA polymerase can only add deoxyribonucleotides to the 3 end of a new piece of DNA so DNA is always made in the 5 3 direction.
However further remains were discovered in 2007 and DNA proved at last that the entire Imperial family had been murdered in 1918.
DNA replication is for the most part extremely accurate, however errors (mutations) do occur. What can small mutations be caused by
The major components of chromatin are DNA and histone proteins although other proteins also occur The functions of chromatin are .
Conversely, the maternal lineages of Jewish populations, studied by looking at mitochondrial DNA, are generally more heterogeneous.
However, all bacteria can evolve by selection on changes to their genetic material DNA caused by genetic recombination or mutations
For example the doublehelical structure of DNA was deduced from an Xray diffraction pattern that had been got from a fibrous sample.
The DNA template strand is read 3 â 5 direction by RNA polymerase and the new RNA strand is synthesized in the 5 â 3 direction.
The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors including the cell type the age of the cell and the extracellular environment.
Unlike viruses plasmids are naked DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host.
This can lead to a point mutation if not repaired by the DNA repair enzymes such as uracil glycosylase which cleaves a uracil in DNA.
The process is similar in DNA biosynthesis except that ATP is reduced to the deoxyribonucleotide dATP before incorporation into DNA.
DNA repair means a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. What does a haploid genome have strong influence on
Made up of both RNA and DNA, chromatin inside the cell nucleus is the substance that leads to the determination of our genetic makeup.
Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths
In such circumstances then, "genome" describes all of the genes and information on non-coding DNA that have the potential to be present.
The concept of a gene continues to be refined as new phenomena are discovered. What do some viruses store their genome in instead of DNA?
Once their DNA is transcribed the cell will proceed to make new phages and as soon as they are ready to be released, the cell will lyse.
Human rights lobbyists are calling for the release of a death row inmate whose conviction is likely to be overturned due to DNA evidence.
In blended families, parents must try hard to have an equitable relationship with all children, not just the ones who share the same DNA.
Histone modifications act in diverse biological processes such as gene regulation DNA repair and chromosome condensation LRB mitosis RRB.
A recognition signal is also a chemical signal used in biology to signal the end of a section of DNA or RNA during gene duplicate in cells.
In contrast mature sperm cells largely use protamines to package their genomic DNA most likely to achieve an even higher packaging ratio.
Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins clarified the basic structure of DNA, the genetic material for expressing life in all its forms.
The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. What are two examples of genome size
Guanine along with adenine and cytosine is present in both DNA and RNA whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA and uracil only in RNA.
Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture reveal
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. What is a gene
Lynx have not been seen in Yellowstone since 1998 though DNA taken from hair samples showed that lynx were at least passing through the park.
The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. Who created the Kurgan hypothesis
Fearing that pending DNA results would further incriminate his client, the attorney tried to convince the prosecution to agree to a plea deal.
Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 for studying eukaryote transcription This is copying of information from DNA to RNA.
DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. What do genome not use as intermediate?
The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. What do you use to calculate genome size
Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. What is the estimated weight of the total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth
In the WatsonCrick base pairing adenine LRB A RRB forms a base pair with thymine LRB T RRB and guanine LRB G RRB with cytosine LRB C RRB in DNA.
The DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started wearing clothes at approximately 70000 BCE.
The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. What does each codon correspond to
Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography
DNA testing on the remains of the royal family proved in 2009 that Alexei suffered from Hemophilia B His mother and one of his sisters were carriers.
The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. How is protein coding calculated
The Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory LRB AFDIL RRB is a laboratory in America that studies DNA It is run by the United States Armed Forces.
Eventually the signal creates a change in the cell either in the expression of the DNA in the nucleus or in the activity of enzymes in the cytoplasm.
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. What is the term for the total DNA base pairs in one lower eukaryote
Prokaryotic cells such as bacterial cells reproduce by binary fission a process that includes DNA replication chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
This repressor LRB the lac repressor RRB is made in all cells It binds directly to DNA at the genes it controls and physically prevents transcription.
In DNA replication DNA polymerase reads a piece of DNA that s already there and uses it to make a new piece that is exactly the same as the old piece.
Since there is only one complementary base for any of the bases found in DNA and in RNA enzymes can make a complementary strand from any single strand.
Researchers hope to find preserved mitochondrial DNA to compare with samples from similarly unfossilised specimens of Homo neanderthalensis and H sapiens.
Nucleosomes are folded in a series of higher order structures to form a chromosome This folding compacts the DNA and adds a layer of regulatory control.
In prokaryotes, most of the genome (85–90%) is non-repetitive DNA, which means coding DNA mainly forms it, while non-coding regions only take a small part
Barricelli published in a variety of fields including virus genetics DNA theoretical biology space flight theoretical physics and mathematical language.
Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. What type of synthesis occurs in the 5'?3' direction?
DNA samples from 1228 Russians show that the Y chromosomes analyzed, all except 20 (1. What percentage of Poles have haplogroups from East Asian populations
Molecular systematics has been made possible by techniques for sequence analysis This gives the exact sequence of nucleotides or bases in either DNA or RNA.
Jacob and Monod demonstrated that in the bacterium E coli RRB there are specific proteins that repress the transcription of the DNA to its product LRB RNA.
The DNA of individuals is more alike than usual for most species This may have resulted from their relatively recent evolution or from the Toba catastrophe.
The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule
The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. What are sets of three nucleotides known as?
Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA.
In 1961 Jacob and Monod explored the idea that the control of enzyme expression levels in cells is a result of feedback on the transcription of DNA sequences.
The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Poland
The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?
The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. What are two examples of higher eukaryotes
The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. What is the frequency of Haplogroup R1a in Russia?
In 1998 the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group published a phylogeny for flowering plants based on an analysis of DNA sequences from most families of flowering plants.
Knockout is accomplished through a combination of techniques It starts in the test tube with a plasmid or other DNA construct and proceeding to cell culture.
Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs
On the other hand, RNA retroviruses, such as HIV, require the reverse transcription of their genome from RNA into DNA before their proteins can be synthesized.
Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed
2012 research found evidence for a recent common ancestry between Native Americans and indigenous Altaians based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome analysis.
In biology the term epigenetics refers to changes in phenotype LRB appearance RRB or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the DNA sequence.
Zinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA?
DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. What is a term that can describe how DNA transposons move
It often contains a DNA insert which contains the gene sequence encoding a protein of interest The DNA insert has been subcloned into a molecular biology vector.
Once an helper of dance producers DNA he is best known as the longterm cowriter producer and key background musician for the music production band Massive Attack.
He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.
Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell s ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes.
DNA and studies on their skeletons showed that they were the bodies of Tsar Nicholas II his wife and three of the Grand Duchesses LRB Olga Tatiana and Maria RRB.
Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. What are three major groups of Laurasiatheria
Population testing is still being done. Who does not acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations?
The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. What decreases if RNA coding genes are increased
Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture
Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA
The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA. What is the degree of sequence similarity between homologous genes called
The first DNA transposon used as a tool for genetic purposes the Sleeping Beauty transposon system was a transposon which was ressurected from a long evolutionary sleep.
The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934
There is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers
Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call
Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. What have studies based on Boreoeutheria suggested?
In molecular biology two nucleotides on opposite complementary DNA or RNA strands that are connected by hydrogen bonds are called a base pair LRB often abbreviated bp RRB.
Gene expression is the process by which the heritable information in a gene the sequence of DNA base pairs is made into a functional gene product such as protein or RNA.
Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. What looks at a small part of the DNA mixture
The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. What do you get when dividing tandem repeats by interspersed repeats
Although the nucleosome is a very stable proteinDNA complex it is not static It undergoes some structural rearrangements such as nucleosome sliding and DNA site exposure.
The subsequent development of chain-termination DNA sequencing in 1977 by Frederick Sanger improved the efficiency of sequencing and turned it into a routine laboratory tool
Chloroplasts have their own genome which is much smaller than that of freeliving cyanobacteria The DNA which remains shows clear similarities with the cyanobacterial genome.
The player controls Cryptosporidium 137 a member of the Furon race of aliens who has come to Earth to harvest DNA from humans to continue the cloning process of his species.
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda can be different from author to author With the arrival of DNA sequencing further revisions of the higher taxonomic levels are to be expected.
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. What influence are most biological traits under?
, the "nuclear genome") but can also be applied to what is stored within organelles that contain their own DNA, as with the "mitochondrial genome" or the "chloroplast genome".
Bacteria can be classified on the basis of cell structure, cellular metabolism or on differences in cell components, such as DNA, fatty acids, pigments, antigens and quinones
On the contrary, eukaryotes have the feature of exon-intron organization of protein coding genes; the variation of repetitive DNA content in eukaryotes is also extremely high
Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from?
Telomeres are long stretches of repetitive sequence that cap the ends of the linear chromosomes and prevent degradation of coding and regulatory regions during DNA replication
Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. What two major common ancestors does Alantogenata contain?
Selectable markers are often antibiotic resistance genes bacteria that have been subjected to a procedure to introduce foreign DNA are grown on a medium containing an antibiotic.
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. What kind of relationship do copies of a haploid genome have with mollusks that isn't effective?
The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. What is found by dividing size of repetitive DNA by length of total genome?
The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. What indicates the beginning and end of the protein coding region?
In 1959 Roger Kornberg s father Arthur Kornberg received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studies of how genetic information moves from one DNA molecule to another.
The Nobel Prize committee said the great complexity of eukaryotic organisms is enabled by the fine interplay between tissuespecific substances enhancers in the DNA and Mediator.
Whereas the chromosomes of prokaryotes are relatively gene-dense, those of eukaryotes often contain regions of DNA that serve no obvious function. What is referred to as "junk DNA"
In 1994 a tissue sample from Andersen in a hospital was used for DNA tests with the blood of Prince Philip Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip was a grandnephew of Empress Alexandra.
Genome composition is used to describe the make up of contents of a haploid genome, which should include genome size, proportions of non-repetitive DNA and repetitive DNA in details
A defect in the human genome is often the cause of genetic disorders like Down syndrome, and unfortunately it is impossible to cure these defects since they are embedded in our DNA.
During Binary fission and mitosis the duplicated DNA content of the reproducing parental cell is separated into two equal halves that are destine to end up in the two daughter cells.
DNA polymerase is an enzyme in the body helps connect deoxyribonucleotides LRB nucleotides RRB into a piece of DNA The most famous things that DNA polymerases do is DNA replication.
However there is no change in the underlying DNA sequence of the organism instead nonhereditary factors cause the organism s genes to behave LRB express themselves RRB differently.
In all known organisms the deoxyribonucleotides that make up DNA are synthesized by the action of ribonucleotide reductase LRB RNR RRB enzymes on their corresponding ribonucleotides.
Y DNA studies tend to imply a small number of founders in an old population whose members parted and followed different migration paths. Which lineages are generally more heterogeneous?
Animal tissue contains chemical compounds, such as water, carbohydrates (sugar, starch, and fiber), amino acids (in proteins), fatty acids (in lipids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication
While investigating how a culture of E coli was able to stop the production of phages Luria discovered that specific bacterial strains produce enzymes that cut DNA at certain sequences.
Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. Which group was created to generate a genome map of human genetic material
Using Xray crystallography results from Maurice Wilkins biophysics team at Kings College London Crick and James Watson discovered that DNA has what is called a double helix structure .
Eventually Alvin is forced into helping Arthur to escape from some slavehunters which requires him to change Arthur s DNA to prevent the hunters knacks LRB powers RRB from finging him.
Griffith s experiment was an experiment done in 1928 by Frederick Griffith It was one of the first experiments showing that bacteria can get DNA through a process called transformation.
Recently developed genome engineering techniques use engineered nuclease enzymes to create targeted DNA repair in a chromosome to either disrupt or edit a gene when the break is repaired
The genome or hereditary information contained in the genes of this species is encoded by about 135 million base pairs of DNA, forming one of the smallest genomes among flowering plants.
In 1907 a bacterium that caused plant tumors Agrobacterium tumefaciens was discovered and in the early 1970s the tumor inducing agent was found to be a DNA plasmid called the Ti plasmid.
2 The manner in which DNA is stored on the histones, as well as chemical modifications of the histone itself, regulate whether a particular region of DNA is accessible for gene expression.
In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. What is not considered as part of the plastome
The Meselsonâ Stahl experiment was an experiment done by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl With their experiment the two scientists could show that DNA replication was semiconservative.
More recently such selection has become a very important part of genetic engineering Selectable markers such as antibiotic resistance genes are used to manipulate DNA in molecular biology.
Her remains were identified through DNA testing They were buried in a funeral ceremony in 1998 at Peter and Paul Cathedral in St Petersburg with those of her parents and two of her sisters.
The development of competence in nature is usually associated with stressful environmental conditions, and seems to be an adaptation for facilitating repair of DNA damage in recipient cells.
Studies of autosomal DNA, which look at the entire DNA mixture, have become increasingly important as the technology develops. What has become increasingly important as the technology deveops
Some of the key topics have been the evolution of enzyme function the use of nucleic acid changes as a molecular clock to study species divergence and the origin of nonfunctional or junk DNA.
Some viruses store their entire genomes in the form of RNA, and contain no DNA at all. Why do the cellular hosts of some viruses not have to wait for transcription to synthesize their proteins?
Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA. What part of his work did Von Neumann consider to be his most important?
For example, the large and highly diverse macroethnic groups of East Indians, North Africans, and Europeans are presumptively grouped as Caucasians prior to the analysis of their DNA variation
These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site.
The discovery in the late 1990s of nanobes LRB filamental structures that are smaller than bacteria but that may contain DNA in deep rocks RRB might be seen as lending support to Gold s theory.
In human cells both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light can cause DNA damage resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day.
Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus, and their genetic material is typically a single circular DNA chromosome located in the cytoplasm in an irregularly shaped body called the nucleoid
After DNA replication is complete, the cell must physically separate the two copies of the genome and divide into two distinct membrane-bound cells. In binary fission, what shape is each genome?
The parakeet is on average 29 cm long with a 48 cm wingspan and weighs 100 g Females tend to be 1020 smaller but it is hard to tell the sexes apart unless they test the feather or blood DNA.
In March 2009 the last results of the DNA testing were published by Dr Michael Coble of the US Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory This proved that all four Grand Duchesses were murdered.
In 2013, however, a study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA by a team led by Martin B. A 2013 study estimates that what percentage of Ashkenazi maternal ancestry comes from women indigenous to Europe
A typical protein-coding gene is first copied into RNA as an intermediate in the manufacture of the final protein product. What are the DNA sequences from which ribozymes are transcribed known as?
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of all major European haplogroups, which were characterized by similar patterns of distribution in Poles and Russians
Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. What is the term for something that lists the important and notable parts of a genome
How Watson and Crick got Franklin s results has been much debated Crick Watson and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1962 for their work on DNA â Rosalind Franklin had died in 1958.
Most DNA viruses are entirely dependent on the host cell s DNA and RNA synthesising machinery and RNA processing machinery Viruses with larger genomes may encode much of this machinery themselves.
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas primarily focus on Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups and Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups. What is the only way that Y-DNA and mtDNA change?
The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear some may have evolved from plasmids â pieces of DNA that can move between cells â while others may have evolved from bacteria.
Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M.
What tool does DNA based diagnostics use?
When does the spread of DNA frequently occur
Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome
What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA
According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al.
How does the nucleotide sequence of mRNA compare to DNA
What causes DNA to be less available for RNA polymerase
What is one thing the cell must do once DNA replication is compete
All plants are multicellular eukaryotes, their DNA stored in nuclei.
What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture not reveal
The gene's DNA is used as a template to generate a complementary mRNA
What DNA analysis indicated the common ancestry of the Native Americans
What are two organisms that have more non-repetitive than repetitive DNA
What is another thing the cell must do once DNA replication is complete?
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. How can bacteria resist virus DNA
These single-locus sources of DNA do not recombine and are inherited from a single parent.
Mutations come from errors made during the replication of DNA or from exposure to mutagens.
The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage F-X174, of 5386 base pairs.
The term genome can be applied specifically to mean what is stored on a complete set of nuclear DNA (i
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) examined in Poles and Russians revealed the presence of what major haplogroups
This is due to many genes being lost during the process of metabolism, and DNA repair and recombination.
What does the manner of DNA storage on the histone and the chemical modifications of the histone itself regulate
2 Replication origins are the sequence regions where DNA replication is initiated to make two copies of the chromosome.
Von Neumann's mathematical analysis of the structure of self-replication preceded the discovery of the structure of DNA
In all organisms, two steps are required to read the information encoded in a gene's DNA and produce the protein it specifies
According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis
While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA/RNA replication are retained.
The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). What does DNA consist of?
Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. What is known as the 5' end?
It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. What is a minority component in E. coli
One example of epigenetic change is the marking of the genes by DNA methylation which determines whether they will be expressed or not
It had been found that the proportion of non-repetitive DNA can vary a lot between species. What one kind of DNA do fruit flies only have?
Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA).
The nucleotide sequence of a gene's DNA specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein through the genetic code. How many possible codons are there
Whereas a genome sequence lists the order of every DNA base in a genome, a genome map identifies the landmarks. What does a genome sequence identify
A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size in higher eukaryotes.
There is evidence that an accounting by genetic ancestry would produce a higher number, but people live according to social and cultural identities, not DNA
The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA. What does comparing the sequence alignment of genes' DNA measure?
Genome size is the total number of DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. What is the name for the count of all DNA base pairs in a single haploid genome
Zhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples linked to in the DNA analysis?
DNA transposons generally move by "cut and paste" in the genome, but duplication has also been observed. DNA transposons do not use which genetic material used by Class 1 TEs
The relationship between genes can be measured by comparing the sequence alignment of their DNA. Under what type of selection are genes constrained so they change more slowly
The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange
The modern Slavic peoples carry a variety of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups and Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups. When did Spencer Wells deduce R1a1a arose on the Pontic-Caspian steppe?
Defining exactly what section of a DNA sequence comprises a gene is difficult. What is an example of a regulatory region of a gene that does not have to close to the coding sequence
A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA that encodes a functional RNA or protein product, and is the molecular unit of heredity. What is the basis of inheritance of phenotypic traits?
In order for a bacterium to bind, take up and recombine donor DNA into its own chromosome, it must first enter a special physiological state termed competence (see Natural competence)
In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. A 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA was conducted by what university?
Transcription produces a single-stranded RNA molecule known as messenger RNA, whose nucleotide sequence is complementary to the DNA from which it was transcribed. What does transcription produce
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به جای حفظ کردن لغت DNA ، جملات کوتاه با DNA را حفظ کنید.
اگر واقعاً نمی توانید از حفظ کردن دل بکنید، به جای حفظ کردن لغت انگلیسی DNA، جملات کوتاه مختلف با لغت DNA را حفظ کنید. مثلاً به جای اینکه لغت “university” را به معنی “دانشگاه” حفظ کنید، عبارت “I go to university” به معنی “من به دانشگاه می روم” را حفظ کنید. وقتی شما به جای حفظ کردن لغت انگلیسی DNA، جملات کوتاه انگلیسی با کلمه DNA را حفظ می کنید، حداقل مطمئن هستید که می توانید به درستی از DNA در جمله استفاده کنید. در ضمن، به طور ناخودآگاه نیز گرامر زبان انگلیسی را یاد می گیرید.
جمله سازی با کلمه DNA
ساختن جمله با DNA به شما کمک می کند تا واژه ای را که آموخته اید در جمله به کار ببرید و موقعیت استفاده از آن را به خاطر بسپارید. شاید بتوان گفت این بهترین روش یادگیری سریع لغت انگلیسی DNA است. اما برای اینکه مغز شما بتواند لغت DNA را در آینده به یاد بیاورد، بهترین راه استفاده از روش زیر است:
با لغت DNA ده جمله بسازید و در هر کدام از جملات معنای متفاوتی از واژه DNA که می خواهید یاد بگیرید را به کار ببرید. با ساختن جمله از لغات جدید به مغزتان کمک می کنید تا یاد بگیرد، زیرا به طور فعال در فرآیند یادگیری دخیل می شود.
به جای حفظ کردن لغت DNA ، جملات کوتاه با DNA را حفظ کنید.
اگر واقعاً نمی توانید از حفظ کردن دل بکنید، به جای حفظ کردن لغت انگلیسی DNA، جملات کوتاه مختلف با لغت DNA را حفظ کنید. مثلاً به جای اینکه لغت “university” را به معنی “دانشگاه” حفظ کنید، عبارت “I go to university” به معنی “من به دانشگاه می روم” را حفظ کنید. وقتی شما به جای حفظ کردن لغت انگلیسی DNA، جملات کوتاه انگلیسی با کلمه DNA را حفظ می کنید، حداقل مطمئن هستید که می توانید به درستی از DNA در جمله استفاده کنید. در ضمن، به طور ناخودآگاه نیز گرامر زبان انگلیسی را یاد می گیرید.
جمله سازی با کلمه DNA
ساختن جمله با DNA به شما کمک می کند تا واژه ای را که آموخته اید در جمله به کار ببرید و موقعیت استفاده از آن را به خاطر بسپارید. شاید بتوان گفت این بهترین روش یادگیری سریع لغت انگلیسی DNA است. اما برای اینکه مغز شما بتواند لغت DNA را در آینده به یاد بیاورد، بهترین راه استفاده از روش زیر است:
با لغت DNA ده جمله بسازید و در هر کدام از جملات معنای متفاوتی از واژه DNA که می خواهید یاد بگیرید را به کار ببرید. با ساختن جمله از لغات جدید به مغزتان کمک می کنید تا یاد بگیرد، زیرا به طور فعال در فرآیند یادگیری دخیل می شود.
ساختار جملات انگلیسی با DNAشاید مهم ترین مفهوم در زبان، جمله باشد. یادگیری ساختار جمله (sentence structure) در انگلیسی و هر زبان دیگری امری بسیار ضروری است. هر زبانی گرامر خاص خودش دارد و بر اساس آن ساختار جمله مشخص می شود. همین نکته در مورد زبان انگلیسی هم صدق می کند. در این زبان هم در هر نوع جمله ای قواعد دستوری خاصی حکم فرما است و هر یک از آن ها نقش مهمی در رساندن دقیق منظورمان دارند.
یک جمله گروهی از کلمات می باشد که در کنار یکدیگر قرار میگیرند و هر کدام از این کلمات اطلاعات خاصی را به ما می دهند. این کلمات اغلب با هم فرق دارند و هر کدام نقش خاص خودشان را در جمله دارند. از مهمترین اجزاء هر جمله می توان به فعل Verb، اسم Noun، صفت Adjective، قید Adverb، حرف ربطی conjunctions، حرف اضافه preposition، حرف تعریف و ... اشاره کرد.
ساختار جملات انگلیسی را می توان به 4 دسته تقسیم کرد.
جمله ساده با DNA
یک جمله ساده با DNA از یک بند اصلی که شامل فعل و فاعل است، تشکیل شده که اطلاعات کاملی در مورد یک اتفاق یا حالت را به ما می دهد. قاعده کلی ساختار این جملات به صورت زیر است:
فاعل + فعل قابل صرف
جمله مرکب با DNA
برخلاف جملات ساده، در جملات مرکب با DNA، دو بند داریم که با حرف ربط (Conjunction) یا ویرگول (comma) به هم متصل می شوند. نکته ای که باید در این جا به آن توجه شود این است که از آن جایی که دو بندی که در ساختار جملات مرکب انگلیسی با DNA به کار برده می شوند، مستقل هستند، حتی به صورت جداگانه هم معنا می دهند. ترکیب نحوی ساختار جملات مرکب انگلیسی با DNA بصورت ذیل است:
بند مستقل + حرف ربط همپایه ساز + بند مستقل
جمله پیچیده با DNA
ساختار جمله پیچیده (complex sentence structure) با DNA همانطور که از نامش پیداست کمی با جمله مرکب با DNA فرق دارد. در جملات پیچیده با DNA، در کنار بند مستقل می توان از یک بند وابسته هم استفاده کرد. یک بند وابسته شامل حرف ربط وابسته ساز (Subordinating conjunction) یا ضمیر موصولی (relative pronoun) است. یادتان باشد این بند با این که فاعل و فعل دارد اما ممکن است معنای کاملی نداشته باشد. بنابراین یک بند وابسته برای این که مفهوم کاملی داشته باشد، به یک بند مستقل نیاز دارد. ترکیب نحوی ساختار جملات پیچیده انگلیسی با DNA بصورت ذیل است:
بند مستقل + بند مستقل وابسته
جمله پیچیده – مرکب با DNA
ساختار پیچیده – مرکب ( compound-complex) با DNA همانطور که از نامش می توان حدس زد، ترکیبی است از جملات پیچیده و مرکب با لغت DNA. یعنی از دو بند مستقل و یک بند وابسته تشکیل می شود. این بندها با حرف ربط همپایه ساز به هم متصل می شوند. ساختار جملات پیچیده – مرکب ( compound-complex) با DNA بصورت ذیل است:
بند مستقل + بند وابسته + حرف ربط + بند مستقل
– همواره سعی کنید در مکالمه و یا ترجمه فارسی به انگلیسی، از ساختار و کلماتی استفاده نمائید که خود افراد انگلیسی زبان (نیتیو) آن ساختار و کلمات را بکار می برند.
طبیعی است که برای این هدف لازم است شخص ترجمه کننده آنقدر متن انگلیسی خوانده باشد و نسبت به کالوکیشن ها و همایندهای زبان انگلیسی آشنا باشد تا بتواند به مانند انگلیسی زبان های نیتیو، مفهوم را منتقل کند.
مجدداً تاکید میکنیم که صرفاً با ابتکار و خلاقیت های شخصی، بدون تسلط به کالوکیشن های زبان انگلیسی به هیچ وجه این امر میسر نخواهد بود.
