EnglishVocabulary.ir 
in the Christian era
a reformer who favors putting an end to slavery
16th President of the United States
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
the second largest continent
an American whose ancestors were born in Africa
the practice of cultivating the land or raising stock
a large warship that carries planes and has a long flat deck for takeoffs and landings
a siege and massacre at a mission in San Antonio in 1836
a state in northwestern North America
United States inventor of the telephone
United States statesman and leader of the Federalists
king of Wessex
the state of being confederated
first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic
North America and South America and Central America
the revolution of the American Colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783
worship of ancestors
a mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along the Pacific coast
7th president of the US
incorporation by joining or uniting
in the Christian era
a conduit that carries water over a valley
an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture
the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
someone who creates plans to be used in making something
the discipline dealing with the design of fine buildings
the military forces of a nation
a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens
a man-made object
the largest continent with 60% of the earth’s population
an American who is of Asian descent
mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it
an early form of sextant
Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC – AD 14)
the smallest continent
a book or account of your own life
a motor vehicle with four wheels
the art of operating aircraft
a member of the Nahuatl people who established an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1519
before the Christian era
of the period before the Common Era
capital and largest city of Iraq
the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula
a narrative poem of popular origin
either of two battles during the American Civil War
the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest
the way a person acts toward other people
any cognitive content held as true
Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)
printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)
commercial enterprises organized and financed on a scale large enough to influence social and political policies
a statement of fundamental rights and privileges
an account of the series of events making up a person’s life
a sea between Europe and Asia
a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India’s 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India
United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)
state capital and largest city of Massachusetts
demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Native Americans) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea
a weapon consisting of arrows and the bow to shoot them
the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world’s leading coffee exporter
the fictional character of a rabbit who appeared in tales supposedly told by Uncle Remus and first published in 1880
structure allowing passage across a river or other obstacle
a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain’ is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom
founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC)
the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth
capital and largest city of Argentina
a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395
an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks
of the period coinciding with the Christian era
the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa
a state in the western United States on the Pacific
cud-chewing mammal used as a saddle animal in desert regions
a nation in northern North America
a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China
region including the Caribbean Islands
an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697
social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
a large building formerly occupied by a ruler and fortified against attack
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living around Cayuga Lake in New York State
a landlocked country in central Africa
the isthmus joining North America and South America
in World War I the alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary and other nations allied with them in opposing the Allies
a period of 100 years
a formal event performed on a special occasion
United States labor leader who organized farm workers
a two-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle
king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor
a member of an Iroquoian people formerly living in the Appalachian Mountains but now chiefly in Oklahoma
a member of the Muskhogean people formerly living in northern Mississippi
a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world
the medieval principles governing knightly conduct
a religious person who believes Jesus is the savior
a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Christ
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
an arrangement of events in time
a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)
Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue
the fifth of May which is observed in Mexico and Mexican-American communities in the United States to commemorate the Mexican victory over the French in the Battle of Puebla in 1862
membership in a state with rights and duties
a large and densely populated urban area
a war between factions in the same country
a collection of things sharing a common attribute
a state of political hostility that existed from 1945 until 1990 between countries led by the Soviet Union and countries led by the United States
one who settles or establishes a settlement in a new region
a group of organisms of the same type living together
Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
of the period coinciding with the Christian era
the good of a community
a person who holds no title
a theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
a group of people living in a particular local area
navigational instrument for finding directions
the activity of designing and constructing and programming computers
the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861
the southern army during the American Civil War
the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity
Chinese philosopher whose ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC)
the act of defeating and taking control of
Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium and renamed it Constantinople (280-337)
the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states
the act of forming or establishing something
the convention of United States statesmen who drafted the United States Constitution in 1787
a religious residence especially for nuns
Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)
use of a position of trust for dishonest gain
a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers
the territory occupied by a nation
the country where you were born
an assembly to conduct judicial business
a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback
the skilled practice of a practical occupation
the quality of being believable or trustworthy
a cultivated plant that is grown commercially
the largest island in the West Indies
an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia
accepted or habitual practice
a male monarch or emperor
taking a series of rhythmical steps in time to music
an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)
the state of owing something, especially money
a period of 10 years
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain
the orientation of those who favor government by the people
the older of two major political parties in the United States
a country that is poor and whose citizens are mostly agricultural workers but that wants to become more advanced socially and economically
a process in which something passes to a different stage
French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)
negotiation between nations
a conflict of people’s opinions or actions or characters
the act of finding something
an impairment of health
a representation of a person’s thinking with symbolic marks
any of various animals that have been tamed and made fit for a human environment
a region subject to dust storms
the people of the Netherlands
something that remunerates
vibration from underground movement along a fault plane
a geographical area in eastern Africa
the hemisphere that includes Eurasia and Africa and Australia
a continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395
the system of production and distribution and consumption
English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)
activities that impart knowledge or skill
a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
wife of Franklin Roosevelt and a strong advocate of human rights (1884-1962)
a physical phenomenon that can produce light, heat and power
an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States
freeing someone from the control of another
the male ruler of an empire
the domain ruled by a single authoritative sovereign
the state of having a job
a division of the United Kingdom
a movement in Europe from about 1650 until 1800 that advocated the use of reason and individualism instead of tradition and established doctrine
those involved in providing entertainment: radio and television and films and theater
the totality of surrounding conditions
the quality of being the same in quantity, value, or status
a period marked by distinctive character
an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo; built in the 19th century; now part of the New York State Barge Canal
the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia
the 2nd smallest continent
an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members
the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
an organized group of people undertaking a journey
someone who travels to unknown regions to make discoveries
a family consisting of the nuclear family and their blood relatives
a short moral story
a plant with facilities for manufacturing
part of a patient’s medical history in which questions are asked in an attempt to find out whether the patient has hereditary tendencies toward particular diseases
a severe shortage of food resulting in starvation and death
workplace or land used for growing crops or raising animals
Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain
any substance used to improve the quality of soil
a tale circulated by word of mouth among the common folk
a policy governing international relations
a legal holiday in the United States
Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)
United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)
a town in northeastern Virginia on the Rappahannock River
the condition of being free
a civil right guaranteed by the First Amendment to the US Constitution
right guaranteed by the 1st Amendment to the US Constitution
the revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799
a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country
a man who lives on the frontier
Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)
group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
Mongolian emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean (1162-1227)
study of the earth’s surface
science of the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
vice president under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (born in 1924)
43rd President of the United States
1st President of the United States
United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)
38th President of the United States
Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
the system or form by which a community is ruled
the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
a vast prairie region extending from Alberta and Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada south through the west central United States into Texas; formerly inhabited by Native Americans
a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China
a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks
a pilgrimage to Mecca that is a religious duty for Muslims
a terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC
a period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished
United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)
a state in the United States in the central Pacific on the Hawaiian Islands
half of a sphere
French painter and sculptor; leading figure of fauvism
United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)
31st President of the United States
exceptional courage when facing danger
a writing system using picture symbols
a body of religious and philosophical beliefs and cultural practices native to India and based on a caste system; it is characterized by a belief in reincarnation, by a belief in a supreme being of many forms and natures, by the view that opposing theories are aspects of one eternal truth, and by a desire for liberation from earthly evils
an American whose first language is Spanish
a person who is an authority on the past and who studies it
writing having historical value
a record or narrative description of past events
leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure
the civilian population of a country at war
without nationality or citizenship
a member of a family of primate mammals that includes humans
a member of the Shoshonean people of northeastern Arizona
an appliance that does a particular job in the home
structures collectively in which people are housed
the series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453
a physiological need for food
a song of praise, especially a religious song
a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
movement of persons into a place
freedom from control or influence of another or others
a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia
the 3rd largest ocean
a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions
the transformation from an agricultural to an industrial nation
a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
a custom that has been an important feature of some group
(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims
a worldwide network of computer networks
the act of expressing something in an artistic performance
a member of a people inhabiting the Arctic
the act of making something new
an island comprising the republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element
a family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Iroquois
the monotheistic religious system of Muslims
the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed
an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC
a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula
United States baseball player
French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
English inventor of the spinning jenny (1720-1778)
5th President of the United States
Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)
a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago
a teacher and prophet born in Bethlehem and active in Nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity (circa 4 BC – AD 29)
member of a community whose traditional religion is Judaism
United States pioneer and hero of the Texas revolt against Mexico; he shared command of the garrison that resisted the Mexican attack on the Alamo where he died (1796-1836)
barrier preventing blacks from participating in activities
2nd President of the United States (1735-1826)
made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921-)
American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress; was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1793)
hero of American folk tales
United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)
Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)
the act of traveling from one place to another
the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud
conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)
the quality of being just or fair
Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)
(Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine; believed to have been given by Gabriel to Abraham; Muslims turn in its direction when praying
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)
the domain ruled by a monarch
a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry
a former political party in the United States
an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
first Monday in September in the United States and Canada
an organized attempt by workers to improve their status by united action (particularly via labor unions) or the leaders of this movement
a holder or proprietor of land
an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view
the parts of North America and South America to the south of the United States where Romance languages are spoken
a native of Latin America
the collection of rules imposed by authority
an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations; although suggested by Woodrow Wilson, the United States never joined and it remained powerless; it was dissolved in 1946 after the United Nations was formed
a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events
Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)
the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)
the bell of Independence Hall
a manner of living that reflects one’s values and attitudes
memorial building in Washington containing a large marble statue of Abraham Lincoln
the ability to read and write
French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)
a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico
territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada
a period of 12 lunar months
the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957
a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa
a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable
the landed estate of a lord, including the house on it
the act of making something (a product) from raw materials
Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)
Emperor of Rome
French chemist who won two Nobel prizes
United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)
the production of large quantities of a standardized article
legal holiday in the United States, last Monday in May
a businessperson engaged in retail trade
Mexico and Central America
the land between the Tigris and Euphrates
a republic in southern North America
an area that is approximately central within some larger region
the social class between the lower and upper classes
the area around the eastern Mediterranean
traveler who moves from one region or country to another
the movement of persons from one locality to another
a facility for manufacturing
someone sent on an assignment to a foreign country
an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
the act of making up-to-date in appearance or behavior
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living along the Mohawk River in New York State
a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work
an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers
a structure erected to commemorate persons or events
a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
a believer in or follower of Islam
the country where you were born
the reason that arouses action toward a desired goal
a favorite saying of a sect or political group
a man who lives on the frontier
a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota
the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)
the act of embalming, drying, and wrapping a dead body
a believer in or follower of Islam
a traditional story serving to explain a world view
French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)
a politically organized body of people under a government
an emblem flown as a symbol of nationality
authorized by law and limiting work or official business
a tract of land declared by the national government to be public property
of or pertaining to American Indians or their culture or languages
resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature
the guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place
extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia
Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Roman Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)
a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea
the economic policy of F. D. Roosevelt
a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut
a state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border
a port and largest city in Louisiana
the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ’s death; the second half of the Christian Bible
an independent country within the British Commonwealth
a recent arrival
English mathematician and physicist
a member of a tribe of the Shahaptian people living on the pacific coast
peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate
a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
an area of northern Africa between the Sahara and the Mediterranean Sea
a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama
the northeastern region of the United States
an ancient region of northeastern Africa on the Nile
the principal activity in one’s life to earn money
a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago)
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living east of Lake Ontario
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River
a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific
the place where something begins
a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe; created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and lasted until the end of World War I; although initially small it expanded until it superseded the Byzantine Empire
a criminal, especially one on the run from police
United States showman who popularized the circus (1810-1891)
prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France
an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism
a ship canal 40 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States (1904-1914)
(Greek mythology) the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War
earlier than the present time; no longer current
one who loves and defends his or her country
a legendary giant lumberjack of the north woods of the United States and Canada
a Christian missionary to the Gentiles
someone who maintains tranquility
a harbor on Oahu to the west of Honolulu
one of a class of agricultural laborers
a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies
a republic in western South America
the title of the ancient Egyptian kings
the largest city in Pennsylvania
an ancient maritime country (a collection of city states) at eastern end of the Mediterranean
a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print
the study of physical features of the earth’s surface
a graphic character used in picture writing
someone who journeys in foreign lands
one the first colonists or settlers in a new territory
any large-scale calamity
an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale
a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620
a mental position from which things are perceived
contamination of the natural environment
ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius
express mail carried by relays of riders on horseback
the people who inhabit a territory or state
increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
objects made from clay and baked in a kiln
the state of having little or no money and possessions
a treeless grassy plain
a machine used for printing
the act or process of making something
the action of forbidding
a formal and solemn declaration of objection
a condensed but memorable saying embodying an important fact
a member of any of about two dozen Native American peoples called `Pueblos’ by the Spanish because they live in pueblos (villages built of adobe and rock)
a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico
medium for communication
the ninth month of the Islamic calendar
farming for the raising of livestock (particularly cattle)
an urban public transit system using underground or elevated trains
Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II; was assassinated by Russian noblemen who feared that his debauchery would weaken the monarchy (1872-1916)
the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union; 1865-1877
an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates
make changes for improvement to remove abuse and injustices
a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
a disputant who advocates reform
the extended spatial location of something
a strong belief in supernatural powers that control destiny
period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages
the act of setting aside for some future occasion
any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
the social force that binds you to a course of action
a single complete turn
leader of the American Revolution who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American Colonies (1732-1794)
vice president under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)
a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment
the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
an empire established by Augustus in 27 BC and divided in AD 395 into the Western Roman Empire and the eastern or Byzantine Empire; at its peak lands in Europe and Africa and Asia were ruled by ancient Rome
the ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC; was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar
capital and largest city of Italy
40th President of the United States (1911-2004)
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national Civil Rights movement (born in 1913)
the class of people exerting power or authority
an area outside of cities and towns
a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia
a city in north central California 75 miles to the northeast of San Francisco on the Sacramento River; capital of California
United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)
American Revolutionary leader and patriot
a city of south central Texas
a port in western California near the Golden Gate that is one of the major industrial and transportation centers; it has one of the world’s finest harbors; site of the Golden Gate Bridge
capital of the state of New Mexico
a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe
Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)
a three-dimensional work of plastic art
a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living in New York State south of Lake Ontario
a person bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others
the act of colonizing; the establishment of colonies
a person who resides in a new colony or country
a war of England and Prussia against France and Austria
a tenant farmer who owes a portion of each harvest for rent
the second great battle of the American Civil War
a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters
an island to the south of the Malay Peninsula
a member of a group of North American Indian peoples who spoke a Siouan language and who ranged from Lake Michigan to the Rocky Mountains
a town in southeastern Alaska that was the capital of Russian America and served as the capital of Alaska from 1867 until 1906
a person who is owned by someone
traffic in slaves
a favorite saying of a sect or political group
secretly importing prohibited goods or goods on which duty is due
people having the same social, economic, or educational status
an extended group having a distinctive cultural organization
ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon
United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)
the sun with the celestial bodies that revolve around it
the time for the earth to make one revolution around the sun, measured between two vernal equinoxes
son of David and king of Israel noted for his wisdom
a Nilo-Saharan language spoken by the Songhai in Mali and Niger
a place where food is dispensed to the needy
a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama
a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula
that part of the Pacific Ocean to the south of the equator
a geographical division of Asia that includes Indochina plus Indonesia and the Philippines and Singapore
the southwestern region of the United States generally including New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Nevada, California, and sometimes Utah and Colorado
a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991
a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
civil war in Spain in which Franco succeeded in overthrowing the republican government; during the war Spain became a battleground for fascists and socialists from all countries; 1936-1939
a war between the United States and Spain in 1898
a sport that many people find entertaining to watch
an early spinning machine with multiple spindles
one of the great Fathers of the early Christian church
the way something is with respect to its main attributes
a large monumental statue symbolizing liberty on Liberty Island in New York Bay
external-combustion engine in which heat is used to raise steam which either turns a turbine or forces a piston to move up and down in a cylinder
a locomotive powered by a steam engine
a ship powered by one or more steam engines
an ancient megalithic monument in southern England
the region of Africa to the south of the Sahara Desert
a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes
a residential district located on the outskirts of a city
a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
(Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran
an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear
the highest federal court in the United States
United States suffragist (1820-1906)
the most widely spoken Bantu languages
something visible that represents something invisible
an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world’s most ancient centers of civilization
a plan for attaining a particular goal
beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife
an improbable (unusual or incredible or fanciful) story
the practical application of science to commerce or industry
a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)
apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire
a place of worship
the biblical commandments of Moses
someone who pays rent to use property owned by someone else
a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
the second largest state
fourth Thursday in November in the United States
26th President of the United States
3rd President of the United States
United States political cartoonist (1840-1902)
a city in central Mali near the Niger river
aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
the capital and largest city of Japan
willingness to respect the beliefs or practices of others
an implement used to perform a task or job
an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city
the commercial exchange of goods and services
a route followed by traders (usually in caravans)
a specific practice of long standing
a path or track
the act of moving something from one location to another
something given or done as an expression of esteem
a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans
the century from 1901 to 2000
secret aid to escaping slaves that was provided by abolitionists in the years before the American Civil War
the act of making or becoming a single entity
the northern army during the American Civil War
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security
North American republic containing 50 states – 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776
the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states
a large and densely populated urban area
injection of weakened or dead microbes to create antibodies
a city in north central France near Paris
a legal holiday in the United States
a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River to the west of Jackson; focus of an important campaign during the American Civil War as the Union fought to control the Mississippi River and so to cut the Confederacy into two halves
a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea
a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the armies of South Vietnam who were supported by the United States
a person who performs work done by choice
a choice made by counting people in favor of alternatives
the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France
a political scandal involving abuse of power and bribery and obstruction of justice; led to the resignation of Richard Nixon in 1974
creating fabric
an area of western Africa between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea
the hemisphere that includes North America and South America
the western part after the Roman Empire was divided in 395
a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)
the government building that serves as the residence and office of the President of the United States
duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England; he defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings in 1066 and introduced many Norman customs into England (1027-1087)
British statesman and leader during World War II
28th President of the United States
a person who works at a specific occupation
a place where work is done
a war between the allies (Russia, France, British Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Rumania, Serbia, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918
a war between the Allies and the Axis from 1939 to 1945
communication by means of written symbols
a written document preserving knowledge of facts or events
the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun
the day immediately before today
